Informatics Publishing Limited

Nirav Patel ¹, C. Nagesh ¹, Jinal Patel ², S. Chandrashekhar ¹, Jani Devdatt ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 A.P.M.C. College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Motipura, Himatnagar-383001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a gastro retentive drug delivery system of Glipizide. Floating tablets of Glipizide were prepared employing different polymers like Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Carbopol 940, and PVP K30 by effervescent technique. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as a gas generating agent. The Floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy, swelling study, dissolution studies and stability studies. The drug release profile and floating properties was investigated. The prepared tablets exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. All the prepared batches showed good in vitro buoyancy. The tablet swelled radially and axially during in vitro buoyancy studies. It was observed that the tablet remained buoyant for 16-24 hours. Stability studies were performed on the promising formulations at 40±2º C with 75±2 RH for 3 months.

Keywords

Gatroretentive, Glipizide, Buoyancy Studies, Swelling Studies, Stability Studies.

Full Text

     

Himanshu Deshmkh ¹, S. Chandrashekhara ¹, C. Nagesh ¹, Amol Murade ¹, Shridhar Usgaunkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandals College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The desire of improved palatability in orally administered products has prompted the development of numerous formulations with improved performance and acceptability. Orally disintegrating tablets are an emerging trend in novel drug delivery system and have received ever-increasing demand during the last few decades. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as Superdisintegrants. Diverse categories of Superdisintegrants such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural and coprocessed blends etc. have been employed to develop effectual mouth dissolving tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet dosage form. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1- 10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The present study comprises the various kinds of Superdisintegrants which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient's compliance.

Keywords

Superdisintegrants, Ion Exchange Resin, Swelling, Wetting.

Full Text

     

Nirav Patel ¹, C. Nagesh ¹, Jinal Patel ², S. Chandrashekhar ¹, Jani Devdatt ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karanataka, IN
2 A.P.M.C. College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Motipura, Himatnagar-383001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a gastro retentive drug delivery system of Glipizide. Floating tablets of Glipizide were prepared employing different polymers like HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, sodium alginate, Carbopol 940, and PVP K30 by effervescent technique. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as a gas generating agent. The Floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy, swelling study, dissolution studies and stability studies. The drug release profile and floating properties was investigated. The prepared tablets exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. All the prepared batches showed good in vitro buoyancy. The tablet swelled radially and axially during in vitro buoyancy studies. It was observed that the tablet remained buoyant for 16-24 hours. Stability studies were performed on the promising formulations at 40±2° C with 75±2 RH for 3 months.

Keywords

Glipizide, Gatroretentive, Intragastric Floating Tablets, Buoyancy Studies, Swelling Studies.

Full Text

     

Megha B. Hiroji ¹, C. Nagesh ², Devdatt Jani ¹, S. Chandrashekhara ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this research work was to develop and evaluate matrix-type transdermal drug delivery system containing pioglitazone hydrochloride as model drug, using different combinations and different ratios of natural polysaccharides by solvent casting method. The compatibility study of the drug and the polymers was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The results suggested no incompatibility between the drug and the polymers. Eight transdermal patches were formulated by using different combinations of natural polymers in different ratios of (sodium alginate and pectin, and sodium alginate and xanthan gum), and using menthol 5%w/w as permeation enhancer, glycerol 10%w/w as plasticizer and water as a solvent. The prepared transdermal patches were evaluated for thickness, weight uniformity, tensile strength, % moisture absorption, % moisture loss, folding endurance, flatness, drug uniformity and in vitro diffusion study. The diffusion studies were performed by using diffusion cell. The formulation, FP4 (sodium alginate and pectin) and FX8 (sodium alginate and xanthan gum) showed maximum release of 89.65±0.38 and 94.53±0.78 % in 24 hrs. The drug release rate followed diffusion mechanism (Higuchi) with first order release kinetics. The optimized formulation (FP4 and FX8) were further study for in vitro drug release using rat skin. Stability studies were performed for 3 months as per ICH guidelines, and results revealed that formulations were stable.

Keywords

Transdermal Patches, Sodium Alginate, Pectin, Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, Menthol.

Full Text

     

Vivek Majethiya ¹, S. Chandrashekhara ², C. Nagesh ¹, Bhavesh Vaghasiya ¹, Mihir Sidhappara ¹, Bhavesh Sutariya ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Maratha Mandals College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

In today's era, various advancement has been made in research and development of oral drug delivery system. But there are some difficulties which have to be overcome in the development process. Several physiological difficulties such as the inability to restrain and localize the system within the desired region of gastrointestinal tract and the highly variable nature of the gastric emptying process have to be solved. In this review, we have summarized the general aspects of gastrointestinal tract followed by the need for gastroretentive drug delivery system. Then we have reviewed various approaches used to achieve gastric retention such as bioadhesion, expandable, high density, floating, magnetic systems and the evaluation parameters of gastroretentive dosage form. At the end, the advantages and limitations have been described.

Keywords

Gastric Emptying, Gastroretentive, Bioadhesion, Floating, Expandable, High Density, Magnetic.

Full Text

     

Jani Devdatt ¹, C. Nagesh ², Megha Hiroji ¹, S. Chandrashekhar ¹, Nirav Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a gastro retentive drug delivery system of Glipizide. Floating tablets of Glipizide were prepared employing different polymers like Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Carbopol 940, and PVP K30 by effervescent technique. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as a gas generating agent. The Floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy, swelling study, dissolution studies and stability studies. The drug release profile and floating properties was investigated. The prepared tablets exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. All the prepared batches showed good in vitro buoyancy. The tablet swelled radially and axially during in vitro buoyancy studies. It was observed that the tablet remained buoyant for 16-24 hours. Stability studies were performed on the promising formulations at 40±2°C with 75±2 RH for 3 months.

Keywords

Gatroretentive, Glipizide, Buoyancy Studies, Swelling Studies, Stability Studies.

Full Text

     

Jinal Patel ¹, Nirav Patel ², C. Nagesh ³, S. Chandrashekhar ³, Moin K. Modasiya ³

Affiliations
1 A.P.M.C. College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Motipura, Himatnagar-383001, Gujarat, IN
2 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
3 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karanataka, IN

Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a gastro retentive drug delivery system of Glipizide. Floating tablets of Glipizide were prepared employing different polymers like Xanthan Gum, Guar Gum, Carbopol 940, and PVP K30 by effervescent technique. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as a gas generating agent. The Floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro buoyancy, swelling study, dissolution studies and stability studies. The drug release profile and floating properties was investigated. The prepared tablets exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. All the prepared batches showed good in vitro buoyancy. The tablet swelled radially and axially during in vitro buoyancy studies. It was observed that the tablet remained buoyant for 16-24 hours. Stability studies were performed on the promising formulations at 40±2° C with 75±2 RH for 3 months.

Keywords

Gatroretentive, Glipizide, Buoyancy Studies, Swelling Studies, Stability Studies.

Full Text

     

Himanshu Deshmkh ¹, S. Chandrashekhara ², C. Nagesh ¹, Amol Murade ¹, Shridhar Usgaunkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN
2 Marath Mandals College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

The desire of improved palatability in orally administered products has prompted the development of numerous formulations with improved performance and acceptability. Orally disintegrating tablets are an emerging trend in novel drug delivery system and have received ever-increasing demand during the last few decades. Superdisintegrants are used to improve the efficacy of solid dosage forms. This is achieved by decreasing the disintegration time which in turn enhances drug dissolution rate. Disintegrants are substances or mixture of substances added the drug formulation that facilitates the breakup or disintegration of tablet or capsule content into smaller particles that dissolve more rapidly than in the absence of disintegrants. In recent years, several newer agents have been developed known as Superdisintegrants. Diverse categories of Superdisintegrants such as synthetic, semi-synthetic, natural and co-processed blends etc. have been employed to develop effectual mouth dissolving tablets and to overcome the limitations of conventional tablet dosage form. Superdisintegrants are generally used at a low level in the solid dosage form, typically 1- 10 % by weight relative to the total weight of the dosage unit. The present study comprises the various kinds of Superdisintegrants which are being used in the formulation to provide the safer, effective drug delivery with patient's compliance.

Keywords

Superdisintegrants, Ion Exchange Resin, Swelling, Wetting.

Full Text

     

Nirav Patel ¹, C. Nagesh ¹, S. Chandrashekhar ¹, Patel Jinal ², Jani Devdatt ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karanataka, IN
2 A.P.M.C. College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Motipura, Himatnagar-383001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. The recent developments of floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro techniques, in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of floating systems. Floating dosage form can be prepared as tablets, capsules by adding suitable ingredients as well as by adding gas generating agent. In this review various techniques used in floating dosage forms along with current and recent developments of stomach specific floating drug delivery system for gastro retention are discussed.

Keywords

Floating Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanism, Single Unit, Multiple Units, Evaluation Method.

Full Text

     

Mahendra Deshpande ¹, S. Chandrashekhara ¹, C. Nagesh ¹, Mitul Patel ¹, Sandip Patel ¹, Vivek Majethiya ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal's College of Pharmacy, Belgaum (Karnataka), IN

Abstract

Surface active agents are most widely used in Pharma industry and are having multiple roles due to its versatile nature. In the present study, Drug surfactant delivery systems (DSDS) are prepared of the trimethoprim. Four different surfactants are used for preparing drug surfactant delivery systems at the two different concentrations of each, Brij -30 (0.01%, 0.05%), Cetomacragol-1000 (0.01%, 0.05%), Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 (0.01%, 0.05%) and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30 (0.01%, 0.05%).Tablets are prepared with these DSDS. Evaluation tests of the tablets were done like hardness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, disintegration test, dissolution test and stability studies.

Evaluation tests showed that the formulations having drug along with Ethoxylated cardanol-C25 and Ethoxylated cardanol-C30, were found to be the best formulations with more than 99%-100% release data due to higher hydrophilicity and good surface tension lowering ability of the surfactants.

Keywords

Drug Surfactant Delivery System, Trimethoprim, Surfactant.

Full Text

     

Nirav Patel ¹, C. Nagesh ¹, S. Chandrashekhar ¹, Patel Jinal ², Jani Devdatt ¹

Affiliations
1 Maratha Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Belgaum-590016, Karanataka, IN
2 A.P.M.C. College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Motipura, Himatnagar-383001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. The recent developments of floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro techniques, in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of floating systems. Floating dosage form can be prepared as tablets, capsules by adding suitable ingredients as well as by adding gas generating agent. In this review various techniques used in floating dosage forms along with current&recent developments of stomach specific floating drug delivery system for gastro retention are discussed.

Keywords

Floating Drug Delivery Systems, Mechanism, Single Unit, Multiple Units, Evaluation Method.

Full Text